It felt like an early start to the summer, with all capitals except Darwin and Brisbane recording record warmth in October. Combining minimum and maximum temperatures, Canberra, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth just had their warmest October on record. For Hobart, this October was just as hot as the previous record set in 1963, while Hobart Airport recorded its warmest October on record. Sydney had its 2nd warmest October on record, however night-time temperatures were the warmest on record. Deviations from the average were very significant - daytime temperatures were a whopping five degrees above the average in Melbourne and Adelaide. The earliest warm spell on record for most of the south of the nation contributed to these record-breaking temperatures. What followed was a sub-weekly cycle of heat troughs moving across the nation throughout the rest of October. This caused temperatures to regularly fluctuate at times to in excess of ten degrees above the average. This warmth was also influenced about by El Nino conditions, which generally results in above-average spring daytime temperatures across most of the south of the nation. This is reflected in the fact that Brisbane and Darwin experienced temperatures that were nearly bang-on the October average. Current climate outlooks have El Nino persisting until the beginning of next year. However, the impact of El Nino's influence on temperatures become generally constrained to the south and east of the nation.